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Photovoltaic solar energy technology (PV) has been developing rapidly in the past decades, leading to a multi-billion-dollar global market. It is of paramount importance that PV systems function properly, which requires the generation of expected energy both for small-scale systems that consist of a few solar modules and for very large-scale systems containing millions of modules. This book increases the understanding of the issues relevant to PV system design and correlated performance; moreover, it contains research from scholars across the globe in the fields of data analysis and data mapping for the optimal performance of PV systems, faults analysis, various causes for energy loss, and design and integration issues. The chapters in this book demonstrate the importance of designing and properly monitoring photovoltaic systems in the field in order to ensure continued good performance.

fault diagnosis --- modeling --- simulation --- fault tree analysis --- photovoltaic system --- Bartlett’s test --- metaheuristic --- population density --- spatial analyses --- AC parameters --- parameter estimation --- fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) --- Hartigan’s dip test --- energy --- image processing --- real data --- photovoltaic (PV) systems monitoring --- forecast --- photovoltaic plants --- system --- graphical malfunction detection --- defects --- STATCOM --- photo-generated current --- performance analysis --- photovoltaic module performance --- solar energy --- urban context --- thermal interaction --- underdamped oscillation --- reliability --- membership algorithm --- photovoltaic systems --- availability --- fuzzy logic controller --- ANOVA --- solar farm --- energy yield --- cluster analysis --- photovoltaics --- annual yield --- residential buildings --- PV array --- PV system --- dc-dc converter --- quasi-opposition based learning --- grid-connected --- performance ratio --- organic soiling --- vegetated/green roof --- conventional roof membrane --- UV-fluorescence imaging --- PV thermal performance --- PV systems --- failure mode and effect analysis --- ageing and degradation of PV-modules --- sheet molding compound FRP --- Jarque-Bera’s test --- Tukey’s test --- technical costs --- Kruskal-Wallis’ test --- improved cuckoo search algorithm --- PV energy performance --- pultruded FRP --- cracks --- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) --- structural design --- software development --- floating PV generation structure --- malfunction detection --- modules --- photovoltaic performance --- maximum power point --- GIS --- impedance spectroscopy --- floating PV systems (FPV) --- solar cells --- Renewable Energy --- loss analysis --- shade resilience --- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) --- failure detection --- optimization problem --- failure rates --- FCM algorithm --- stability analysis --- reactive power support --- mooring system --- buck converter --- Mood’s Median test --- photovoltaic modeling --- module architecture --- PV module --- data analysis --- partial shading --- opposition-based learning --- silicon --- floating PV module (FPVM) --- electroluminescence --- urban compactness

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This book is a Special Issue Reprint edited by Prof. Massimo Vitelli and Dr. Luigi Costanzo. It contains original research articles covering, but not limited to, the following topics: maximum power point tracking techniques; forecasting techniques; sizing and optimization of PV components and systems; PV modeling; reconfiguration algorithms; fault diagnosis; mismatching detection; decision processes for grid operators.

History of engineering & technology --- sensor network --- data fusion --- complex network analysis --- fault prognosis --- photovoltaic plants --- ANFIS --- statistical method --- gradient descent --- photovoltaic system --- sustainable development --- PV power prediction --- artificial neural network --- renewable energy --- environmental parameters --- multiple regression model --- moth-flame optimization --- parameter extraction --- photovoltaic model --- double flames generation (DFG) strategy --- Solar cell parameters --- single-diode model --- two-diode model --- COA --- photovoltaic systems --- maximum power point tracking --- single stage grid connected systems --- solar concentrator --- spectral beam splitting --- diffractive optical element --- diffractive grating --- PVs power output forecasting --- adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems --- particle swarm optimization-artificial neural networks --- solar irradiation --- photovoltaic power prediction --- publicly available weather reports --- machine learning --- long short-term memory --- integrated energy systems --- smart energy management --- PV fleet --- clustering-based PV fault detection --- unsupervised learning --- self-imputation --- implicit model solution --- photovoltaic array --- series–parallel --- global optimization --- partial shading --- deterministic optimization algorithm --- metaheuristic optimization algorithm --- genetic algorithm --- solar cell optimization --- finite difference time domain --- optical modelling --- thermal image --- photovoltaic module --- hot spot --- image processing --- deterioration --- linear approximation --- MPPT algorithm --- duty cycle --- global horizontal irradiance --- mathematical modeling --- feed-forward neural networks --- recurrent neural networks --- LSTM cell --- performances evaluation --- clear sky irradiance --- persistent predictor --- photovoltaics --- artificial neural networks --- national power system

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This reprint presents advances in operation and maintenance in solar plants, wind farms and microgrids. This compendium of scientific articles will help clarify the current advances in this subject, so it is expected that it will please the reader.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- wind turbine --- electric generator --- spectral analysis --- fault diagnosis --- photovoltaic power forecasting --- data-driven --- deep learning --- variational autoencoders --- RNN --- angle swinging --- grid frequency oscillations --- electromechanical system --- inertial masses --- microgrids --- coordination protection --- distributed generation --- photovoltaic resources --- DigSILENT --- photovoltaic module --- defect detection --- power plant --- efficiency --- thermal image --- photovoltaic aging --- dark I-V curves --- bidirectional power inverter --- online distributed measurement of dark I-V curves --- sustainability --- compressive strength --- Bolomey formula --- sustainable concrete --- glass powder --- solar cell --- solar panel --- parameter extraction --- analytical --- Lambert W-function --- spacecraft solar panels --- I-V curve --- modeling --- wind power --- non-conventional renewable energy --- forecasting --- energy bands --- combinatorial optimization --- deep learning (DL) --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- photovoltaic (PV) systems --- image-processing --- image segmentation --- semantic segmentation --- faults diagnostic --- artificial intelligence --- unbalanced datasets --- synthetic data --- artificial neural network based MPPT --- hybrid boost converter --- renewable energies --- solar power system --- microgrid --- control system --- storage system --- primary control --- photovoltaic (PV) plants --- coverage path planning (CPP) --- corrosion monitoring --- FPGA --- offshore wind turbines --- ultrasound --- thickness loss --- SCADA --- visualisation --- software --- wind-turbine --- windfarm --- cross-platform --- HMI --- GUI --- corrosion --- monitoring --- photovoltaic systems --- expected energy models --- fleet-scale --- lasso regression --- performance modeling --- machine learning --- fault location in photovoltaic arrays --- failure modes simulation --- fault detection criterion --- adaptive protection --- distributed power generation --- power distribution --- power system protection

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This reprint presents advances in operation and maintenance in solar plants, wind farms and microgrids. This compendium of scientific articles will help clarify the current advances in this subject, so it is expected that it will please the reader.

wind turbine --- electric generator --- spectral analysis --- fault diagnosis --- photovoltaic power forecasting --- data-driven --- deep learning --- variational autoencoders --- RNN --- angle swinging --- grid frequency oscillations --- electromechanical system --- inertial masses --- microgrids --- coordination protection --- distributed generation --- photovoltaic resources --- DigSILENT --- photovoltaic module --- defect detection --- power plant --- efficiency --- thermal image --- photovoltaic aging --- dark I-V curves --- bidirectional power inverter --- online distributed measurement of dark I-V curves --- sustainability --- compressive strength --- Bolomey formula --- sustainable concrete --- glass powder --- solar cell --- solar panel --- parameter extraction --- analytical --- Lambert W-function --- spacecraft solar panels --- I-V curve --- modeling --- wind power --- non-conventional renewable energy --- forecasting --- energy bands --- combinatorial optimization --- deep learning (DL) --- unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) --- photovoltaic (PV) systems --- image-processing --- image segmentation --- semantic segmentation --- faults diagnostic --- artificial intelligence --- unbalanced datasets --- synthetic data --- artificial neural network based MPPT --- hybrid boost converter --- renewable energies --- solar power system --- microgrid --- control system --- storage system --- primary control --- photovoltaic (PV) plants --- coverage path planning (CPP) --- corrosion monitoring --- FPGA --- offshore wind turbines --- ultrasound --- thickness loss --- SCADA --- visualisation --- software --- wind-turbine --- windfarm --- cross-platform --- HMI --- GUI --- corrosion --- monitoring --- photovoltaic systems --- expected energy models --- fleet-scale --- lasso regression --- performance modeling --- machine learning --- fault location in photovoltaic arrays --- failure modes simulation --- fault detection criterion --- adaptive protection --- distributed power generation --- power distribution --- power system protection

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Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors are becoming a key enabling technology for several strategic fields, including power electronics, illumination, and sensors. This reprint collects the 23 papers covering the full spectrum of the above applications and providing contributions from the on-going research at different levels, from materials to devices and from circuits to systems.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Energy industries & utilities --- energy storage system --- power conditioning system --- silicon carbide --- vanadium redox flow batteries --- AlGaN/GaN --- SiC --- high electron mobility transistor --- Schottky barrier diode --- breakdown field --- noise --- charge traps --- radio frequency --- wide-bandgap (WBG) --- gallium nitride (GaN) --- silicon carbide (SiC) --- high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) --- metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) --- driving technology --- nickel oxide --- annealing temperature --- crystallite size --- optical band gap --- electrochromic device --- indium oxide thin film --- solution method --- plasma surface treatment --- bias stability --- aluminum nitride --- Schottky barrier diodes --- radio frequency sputtering --- X-ray diffraction --- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers --- ranging --- time of flight (TOF) --- time to digital converter circuit (TDC) --- AlGaN/GaN heterojunction --- p-GaN gate --- unidirectional operation --- rectifying electrode --- first-principles --- density functional theory --- pure β-Ga2O3 --- Sr-doped β-Ga2O3 --- p-type doping --- band structure --- density of states --- optical absorption --- AlN buffer layer --- NH3 growth interruption --- strain relaxation --- GaN-based LED --- low defect density --- gate bias modulation --- palladium catalyst --- gallium nitride --- nitrogen dioxide gas sensor --- laser micromachining --- sapphire --- AlGaN/GaN heterostructures --- high-electron mobility devices --- p-GaN gate HEMT --- normally off --- low-resistance SiC substrate --- temperature --- high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) --- equivalent-circuit modeling --- microwave frequency --- scattering-parameter measurements --- GaN --- MIS-HEMTs --- fabrication --- threshold voltage stability --- supercritical technology --- GaN power HEMTs --- breakdown voltage --- current collapse --- compensation ratio --- auto-compensation --- carbon doping --- HVPE --- AlN --- high-temperature --- buffer layer --- nitridation --- high-electron mobility transistor --- heterogeneous integration --- SOI --- QST --- crystal growth --- cubic and hexagonal structure --- blue and yellow luminescence --- electron lifetime --- wafer dicing --- stealth dicing --- laser thermal separation --- dry processing --- laser processing --- wide bandgap semiconductor --- photovoltaic module --- digital signal processor --- synchronous buck converter --- polar --- semi-polar --- non-polar --- magnetron sputtering --- HTA --- GaN-HEMT mesa structures --- 2DEG --- X-ray sensor --- X-ray imaging --- n/a